高三英语语法复习25-直接引语和间接引语(Ivan)
Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
Direct Speech:
原封不动引用别人的原话。原话在引号中。
“Take off your boots,” he said.
“I don’t know where your camel is,” said the Arab.
The fisherman said: “Since I must die, I must but before I die,                                     answer me one question.”
King Solomon said, “Give the child to her, for she is the mother.”
“I’m sorry,” the professor said to the class, “but none of you watched carefully enough.”
“Now watch,” he said. “Remember, you must do everything as I do.”
Indirect Speech:
用自己的话转述别人所说的内容。通常以宾语 从句的形式出现。当直接引语变为间接引语时， 有关的人称、语序、时态、代词、时间状语、 地点状语、和少数动词都要作相应的改变。
时态的变化：

一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去完成时或不变
过去将来时
代词、时间状语、地点状语和少数动词
陈述句：
引语前用that引导,有时也可以不用。
He said, “I opened the window this morning.”
He said that he opened the window that morning.
My sister said, “We have cleaned the floor.”
My sister said that they had cleaned the floor.
The manager said to me, “You must go there next week.”
The manager told me that I had to go there the next week.
The girl said, “I can do my homework myself.”
The girl said that she could do her homework herself.
如直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said in class, “The moon moves around the earth.”
The teacher said in class that the moon moves around the earth.
陈述句直接引语变间接引语的结构：
A said that
A told B that
The girl said that she could do her homework herself.
The manager told me that I had to go there the next week.
一般疑问句：
变为间接引语后，要用陈述语序（主语先写） 用if 或whether引导。时态等作相应变化。
He asked , “Can you hear me?”
He asked  if/whether I could hear him.
The teacher asked, “Have you read this book, Bob?”
The teacher asked Bob if/whether he had read that book.
She said to me, “Will you go there with me?”
She asked me if/whether I would go there with her.
She asked, “Did you see the film yesterday, Peter?”
She asked Peter if/whether he had seen the film the day before.
“Are you leaving today or tomorrow?” Joan asked Kate.
Joan asked Kate if/whether she was leaving that day or the next day.
一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语的结构：
A asked if/whether
A asked B if whether
He asked  if/whether I could hear him.
The teacher asked Bob if/whether he had  read that book.